The Subject Was Roses

Roses rank as some of the most capricious plants in the garden. They need full sun, generous amounts of water, and regular feeding to ensure continuous flowering throughout the season. Add to this a diligent spraying schedule, proper pruning, and just plain old tender loving care and one might wonder if all these chores are worth it. Still, if anyone has ever smelled Scentimental or Benjamin Britten (above left) the question of whether roses warrant the labor is answered by the most fragrant affirmation. It has been speculated that humanity's fascination with roses goes back as far as 7,000 years. The Chinese are credited as the first to have cultivated them, with the Sumerians, Egyptians, Greeks and Romans all following suit. Of all our horticultural ancestors, however, it is the Arabs whom we must thank for actually developing the concept of using the rose en masse in beds, such as those seen at the Generalife (below), a Moorish palace, built in 14th century Spain, that served as the inspiration for the modern rose garden. 

 www.travelinginspain.com/alhambra3.htm

Soil and weather conditions are extremely important when growing roses. Yet, few gardeners naturally possess what could be considered "perfect" soil and most of us have growing seasons that run the gamut from being too wet, too dry or too hot--with a few weeks being comfortably right. Given the vicissitudes of the climate, there is an excellent alternative for those of us who prefer a little more control when growing roses. Containers offer an attractive and economical option, especially in smaller gardens.  Additionally, growing roses this way insures proper watering and gives one more leeway to combat insects and diseases.  Terracotta pots on patios, urns serving as focal points at entry ways, even barrels placed among vegetable and herb beds provide the perfect setting for a variety of roses.  However, instead of choosing hybrid teas roses for this purpose, one should look to cultivars found among the English Roses, developed by pioneering horticulturalist David Austin. Although British and American rosarians do not officially consider "English Roses" as a distinct class unto themselves, they are clearly unique.
 
 
Roses growing in terracotta pots in my
back garden

Austin roses resemble the old-fashioned blooms from still lifes, such as those seen in Panier de Fleurs sur un Entablement, painted by Antoine Berjon in the 1820's (right). Just as their predecessors that adorned the humble and grand European gardens of yesteryear, the Austins sport voluminous shapes, some of the varieties boasting more than 100 petals. Their resemblance to heirloom roses is complimented by their strong fragrances ranging from myrrh and citrus, to old rose and tea. Best is that David Austin roses are more disease resistant than hybid tea roses--although the term disease resistant should not be confused with disease proof. Austins, such as Mary Rose (below), often succumb to balling, a condition wherein the blooms barely open during very wet weather, leaving a globular discoloration where one had hoped for a more handsome showing. However, with the arrival of drier days, an arrangement of pots, bearing roses with names such as Falstaff, Shropshire Lad, The Generous Gardener, and Brother Cadfael, makes an impressive statement and bestows an aromatic celebration of sensory delight. These pots can also be moved around the garden, bringing color and interest to perennial beds that are in transition between blooming times.   



It should be remembered that whether roses are placed in pots or in the ground, care must be given to protect them from any irrigation that might wet their leaves. Plants should be watered at their bases to discourage the proliferation of fungal diseases. The rule of thumb for watering roses in beds is to give them four gallons of water for every week without an inch of rain. A major advantage of growing roses in pots is that they require much less water. In more temperate months, a watering schedule of twice a week to keep the soil moist is substantial. During the thirsty, dog days of July and August, pots may need to be watered every other day to maintain adequate moisture. Faithful watering should be supplemented by two to three spadefuls of composted manure, mixed into the soil every month until the end of August, gives roses a nice boost of nutrients. Some gardeners supplement composted manure with a solution of fish emulsion.  Others use synthetic fertilizers, liquid or granular, but the advice here is to use half the strength of the suggested dosage on the package to avoid burning the foliage. 

Even with the most conscientious care, some roses may still develop fungal diseases, namely black spot, or be plagued by insects that include aphids, Japanese Beetles and thrips.  All have the potential of weakening the vigor of plants by depleting them of nutrients and spreading diseases.  While there are many products on the market that control the ailments to which roses are prone, consideration should be given to home remedies before succumbing to store-bought chemical preparations, which, even at their safest, still retain a level of toxicity. One of the more successful home preparations for black spot and powdery mildew is a 3-2-1 method: three tablespoons of baking soda, two tablespoons of peroxide, and one tablespoon of neem oil, all mixed into a gallon watering can with a small amount of peppermint castile soap in it. After disposing of any infected leaves (which should be placed in a bag, sealed and discarded immediately) the 3-2-1 mixture is poured or sprayed directly on the plant--one of the few times when roses should be watered this way. It is better used as a preventive aid prior to the appearance of any signs of malady. Be advised, that even the most diligent spraying regimen of "organic" solutions must sometimes give way to stronger, commercial products. This is especially the case when widespread disease affects the plant or if insects cannot be controlled by more benign means. 

With the rise of a more modernist aesthetic currently being advanced in garden design, some might view the use of a flower resonating with associations to a bygone era as outmoded--reactionary even.  Many landscape designers treat roses with a type of polite disdain, believing they are best suited to the traditional cottage garden or herbaceous border.  The question then remains: How does a flower, synonymous with romantic excess, find its way into streamlined gardens that seek to incorporate plants more exotic in color and shape, and more abstemious in their demands?  Perhaps this question should be answered with yet another question: Where does a rose by any other name smell as sweet? Enter the David Austin roses, which truly constitute the old and the new, bridging the chasm between the past and the present.  They function as both a traditional expression of the modern, and a modern expression of what is traditional, making them at home in a lush walled garden or a sleek minimalist space. It cannot be denied that roses continue to beguile us with their alluring charm.  Thanks to David Austin, and other contemporary hybridizers consistently striving to improve the breeds, roses may continue to adorn the gardens of humanity for another 7,000 years--and beyond.

For more information about David Austin Roses, visit their website at http://www.davidaustinroses.com/american/advanced.asp